lib: factor out prefix related code to its own file

[notmuch] / lib / database.cc

/* database.cc - The database interfaces of the notmuch mail library
 *
 * Copyright © 2009 Carl Worth
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
 *
 * Author: Carl Worth <cworth@cworth.org>
 */

#include "database-private.h"
#include "parse-time-vrp.h"
#include "query-fp.h"
#include "thread-fp.h"
#include "regexp-fields.h"
#include "string-util.h"

#include <iostream>

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ftw.h>

#include <glib.h>               /* g_free, GPtrArray, GHashTable */
#include <glib-object.h>        /* g_type_init */

#include <gmime/gmime.h>        /* g_mime_init */

using namespace std;

typedef struct {
    const char *name;
    const char *prefix;
    notmuch_field_flag_t flags;
} prefix_t;

#define NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION 3

#define STRINGIFY(s) _SUB_STRINGIFY (s)
#define _SUB_STRINGIFY(s) #s

#if HAVE_XAPIAN_DB_RETRY_LOCK
#define DB_ACTION (Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN | Xapian::DB_RETRY_LOCK)
#else
#define DB_ACTION Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN
#endif

#define LOG_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION(message, error) _log_xapian_exception (__location__, message, error)

static void
_log_xapian_exception (const char *where, notmuch_database_t *notmuch,  const Xapian::Error error) {
    _notmuch_database_log (notmuch,
                           "A Xapian exception occurred at %s: %s\n",
                           where,
                           error.get_msg ().c_str ());
    notmuch->exception_reported = true;
}

notmuch_database_mode_t
_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    if (notmuch->writable_xapian_db)
        return NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE;
    else
        return NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_ONLY;
}

/* Here's the current schema for our database (for NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION):
 *
 * We currently have three different types of documents (mail, ghost,
 * and directory) and also some metadata.
 *
 * There are two kinds of prefixes used in notmuch. There are the
 * human friendly 'prefix names' like "thread:", which are also used
 * in the query parser, and the actual prefix terms in the database
 * (e.g. "G"). The correspondence is maintained in the file scope data
 * structure 'prefix_table'.
 *
 * Mail document
 * -------------
 * A mail document is associated with a particular email message. It
 * is stored in one or more files on disk and is uniquely identified
 * by its "id" field (which is generally the message ID). It is
 * indexed with the following prefixed terms which the database uses
 * to construct threads, etc.:
 *
 *    Single terms of given prefix:
 *
 *      type:   mail
 *
 *      id:     Unique ID of mail. This is from the Message-ID header
 *              if present and not too long (see NOTMUCH_MESSAGE_ID_MAX).
 *              If it's present and too long, then we use
 *              "notmuch-sha1-<sha1_sum_of_message_id>".
 *              If this header is not present, we use
 *              "notmuch-sha1-<sha1_sum_of_entire_file>".
 *
 *      thread: The ID of the thread to which the mail belongs
 *
 *      replyto: The ID from the In-Reply-To header of the mail (if any).
 *
 *    Multiple terms of given prefix:
 *
 *      reference: All message IDs from In-Reply-To and References
 *                 headers in the message.
 *
 *      tag:       Any tags associated with this message by the user.
 *
 *      file-direntry:  A colon-separated pair of values
 *                      (INTEGER:STRING), where INTEGER is the
 *                      document ID of a directory document, and
 *                      STRING is the name of a file within that
 *                      directory for this mail message.
 *
 *      property:       Has a property with key=value
 *                 FIXME: if no = is present, should match on any value
 *
 *    A mail document also has four values:
 *
 *      TIMESTAMP:      The time_t value corresponding to the message's
 *                      Date header.
 *
 *      MESSAGE_ID:     The unique ID of the mail mess (see "id" above)
 *
 *      FROM:           The value of the "From" header
 *
 *      SUBJECT:        The value of the "Subject" header
 *
 *      LAST_MOD:       The revision number as of the last tag or
 *                      filename change.
 *
 * The prefixed terms described above are also searchable without an
 * explicit field name, but as of notmuch 0.29 this is due to
 * query-parser setup, not extra terms in the database.  In addition,
 * terms from the content of the message are added without a prefix
 * for use by the user in searching. Note that the prefix name "body"
 * is used to refer to the empty prefix string in the database.
 *
 * The path of the containing folder is added with the "folder" prefix
 * (see _notmuch_message_add_folder_terms).  Sub-paths of the the path
 * of the mail message are added with the "path" prefix.
 *
 * The data portion of a mail document is empty.
 *
 * Ghost mail document [if NOTMUCH_FEATURE_GHOSTS]
 * -----------------------------------------------
 * A ghost mail document is like a mail document, but where we don't
 * have the message content.  These are used to track thread reference
 * information for messages we haven't received.
 *
 * A ghost mail document has type: ghost; id and thread fields that
 * are identical to the mail document fields; and a MESSAGE_ID value.
 *
 * Directory document
 * ------------------
 * A directory document is used by a client of the notmuch library to
 * maintain data necessary to allow for efficient polling of mail
 * directories.
 *
 * All directory documents contain one term:
 *
 *      directory:      The directory path (relative to the database path)
 *                      Or the SHA1 sum of the directory path (if the
 *                      path itself is too long to fit in a Xapian
 *                      term).
 *
 * And all directory documents for directories other than top-level
 * directories also contain the following term:
 *
 *      directory-direntry: A colon-separated pair of values
 *                          (INTEGER:STRING), where INTEGER is the
 *                          document ID of the parent directory
 *                          document, and STRING is the name of this
 *                          directory within that parent.
 *
 * All directory documents have a single value:
 *
 *      TIMESTAMP:      The mtime of the directory (at last scan)
 *
 * The data portion of a directory document contains the path of the
 * directory (relative to the database path).
 *
 * Database metadata
 * -----------------
 * Xapian allows us to store arbitrary name-value pairs as
 * "metadata". We currently use the following metadata names with the
 * given meanings:
 *
 *      version         The database schema version, (which is distinct
 *                      from both the notmuch package version (see
 *                      notmuch --version) and the libnotmuch library
 *                      version. The version is stored as an base-10
 *                      ASCII integer. The initial database version
 *                      was 1, (though a schema existed before that
 *                      were no "version" database value existed at
 *                      all). Successive versions are allocated as
 *                      changes are made to the database (such as by
 *                      indexing new fields).
 *
 *      features        The set of features supported by this
 *                      database. This consists of a set of
 *                      '\n'-separated lines, where each is a feature
 *                      name, a '\t', and compatibility flags.  If the
 *                      compatibility flags contain 'w', then the
 *                      opener must support this feature to safely
 *                      write this database.  If the compatibility
 *                      flags contain 'r', then the opener must
 *                      support this feature to read this database.
 *                      Introduced in database version 3.
 *
 *      last_thread_id  The last thread ID generated. This is stored
 *                      as a 16-byte hexadecimal ASCII representation
 *                      of a 64-bit unsigned integer. The first ID
 *                      generated is 1 and the value will be
 *                      incremented for each thread ID.
 *
 *      C*              metadata keys starting with C indicate
 *                      configuration data. It can be managed with the
 *                      n_database_*config* API.  There is a convention
 *                      of hierarchical keys separated by '.' (e.g.
 *                      query.notmuch stores the value for the named
 *                      query 'notmuch'), but it is not enforced by the
 *                      API.
 *
 * Obsolete metadata
 * -----------------
 *
 * If ! NOTMUCH_FEATURE_GHOSTS, there are no ghost mail documents.
 * Instead, the database has the following additional database
 * metadata:
 *
 *      thread_id_*     A pre-allocated thread ID for a particular
 *                      message. This is actually an arbitrarily large
 *                      family of metadata name. Any particular name is
 *                      formed by concatenating "thread_id_" with a message
 *                      ID (or the SHA1 sum of a message ID if it is very
 *                      long---see description of 'id' in the mail
 *                      document). The value stored is a thread ID.
 *
 *                      These thread ID metadata values are stored
 *                      whenever a message references a parent message
 *                      that does not yet exist in the database. A
 *                      thread ID will be allocated and stored, and if
 *                      the message is later added, the stored thread
 *                      ID will be used (and the metadata value will
 *                      be cleared).
 *
 *                      Even before a message is added, it's
 *                      pre-allocated thread ID is useful so that all
 *                      descendant messages that reference this common
 *                      parent can be recognized as belonging to the
 *                      same thread.
 */


notmuch_string_map_iterator_t *
_notmuch_database_user_headers (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    return _notmuch_string_map_iterator_create (notmuch->user_header, "", false);
}

const char *
notmuch_status_to_string (notmuch_status_t status)
{
    switch (status) {
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS:
        return "No error occurred";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
        return "Out of memory";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_READ_ONLY_DATABASE:
        return "Attempt to write to a read-only database";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION:
        return "A Xapian exception occurred";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR:
        return "Something went wrong trying to read or write a file";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_NOT_EMAIL:
        return "File is not an email";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_DUPLICATE_MESSAGE_ID:
        return "Message ID is identical to a message in database";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER:
        return "Erroneous NULL pointer";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_TAG_TOO_LONG:
        return "Tag value is too long (exceeds NOTMUCH_TAG_MAX)";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNBALANCED_FREEZE_THAW:
        return "Unbalanced number of calls to notmuch_message_freeze/thaw";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNBALANCED_ATOMIC:
        return "Unbalanced number of calls to notmuch_database_begin_atomic/end_atomic";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION:
        return "Unsupported operation";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED:
        return "Operation requires a database upgrade";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_PATH_ERROR:
        return "Path supplied is illegal for this function";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_MALFORMED_CRYPTO_PROTOCOL:
        return "Crypto protocol missing, malformed, or unintelligible";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_FAILED_CRYPTO_CONTEXT_CREATION:
        return "Crypto engine initialization failure";
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNKNOWN_CRYPTO_PROTOCOL:
        return "Unknown crypto protocol";
    default:
    case NOTMUCH_STATUS_LAST_STATUS:
        return "Unknown error status value";
    }
}

void
_notmuch_database_log (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                       const char *format,
                       ...)
{
    va_list va_args;

    va_start (va_args, format);

    if (notmuch->status_string)
        talloc_free (notmuch->status_string);

    notmuch->status_string = talloc_vasprintf (notmuch, format, va_args);
    va_end (va_args);
}

void
_notmuch_database_log_append (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                              const char *format,
                              ...)
{
    va_list va_args;

    va_start (va_args, format);

    if (notmuch->status_string)
        notmuch->status_string = talloc_vasprintf_append (notmuch->status_string, format, va_args);
    else
        notmuch->status_string = talloc_vasprintf (notmuch, format, va_args);

    va_end (va_args);
}

static void
find_doc_ids_for_term (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                       const char *term,
                       Xapian::PostingIterator *begin,
                       Xapian::PostingIterator *end)
{
    *begin = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_begin (term);

    *end = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_end (term);
}

void
_notmuch_database_find_doc_ids (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                const char *prefix_name,
                                const char *value,
                                Xapian::PostingIterator *begin,
                                Xapian::PostingIterator *end)
{
    char *term;

    term = talloc_asprintf (notmuch, "%s%s",
                            _find_prefix (prefix_name), value);

    find_doc_ids_for_term (notmuch, term, begin, end);

    talloc_free (term);
}

notmuch_private_status_t
_notmuch_database_find_unique_doc_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                      const char *prefix_name,
                                      const char *value,
                                      unsigned int *doc_id)
{
    Xapian::PostingIterator i, end;

    _notmuch_database_find_doc_ids (notmuch, prefix_name, value, &i, &end);

    if (i == end) {
        *doc_id = 0;
        return NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND;
    }

    *doc_id = *i;

#if DEBUG_DATABASE_SANITY
    i++;

    if (i != end)
        INTERNAL_ERROR ("Term %s:%s is not unique as expected.\n",
                        prefix_name, value);
#endif

    return NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static Xapian::Document
find_document_for_doc_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch, unsigned doc_id)
{
    return notmuch->xapian_db->get_document (doc_id);
}

/* Generate a compressed version of 'message_id' of the form:
 *
 *      notmuch-sha1-<sha1_sum_of_message_id>
 */
char *
_notmuch_message_id_compressed (void *ctx, const char *message_id)
{
    char *sha1, *compressed;

    sha1 = _notmuch_sha1_of_string (message_id);

    compressed = talloc_asprintf (ctx, "notmuch-sha1-%s", sha1);
    free (sha1);

    return compressed;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_find_message (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                               const char *message_id,
                               notmuch_message_t **message_ret)
{
    notmuch_private_status_t status;
    unsigned int doc_id;

    if (message_ret == NULL)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER;

    if (strlen (message_id) > NOTMUCH_MESSAGE_ID_MAX)
        message_id = _notmuch_message_id_compressed (notmuch, message_id);

    try {
        status = _notmuch_database_find_unique_doc_id (notmuch, "id",
                                                       message_id, &doc_id);

        if (status == NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND)
            *message_ret = NULL;
        else {
            *message_ret = _notmuch_message_create (notmuch, notmuch, doc_id,
                                                    NULL);
            if (*message_ret == NULL)
                return NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "A Xapian exception occurred finding message: %s.\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        *message_ret = NULL;
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_create (const char *path, notmuch_database_t **database)
{
    char *status_string = NULL;
    notmuch_status_t status;

    status = notmuch_database_create_verbose (path, database,
                                              &status_string);

    if (status_string) {
        fputs (status_string, stderr);
        free (status_string);
    }

    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_create_verbose (const char *path,
                                 notmuch_database_t **database,
                                 char **status_string)
{
    notmuch_status_t status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    notmuch_database_t *notmuch = NULL;
    char *notmuch_path = NULL;
    char *message = NULL;
    struct stat st;
    int err;

    if (path == NULL) {
        message = strdup ("Error: Cannot create a database for a NULL path.\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (path[0] != '/') {
        message = strdup ("Error: Database path must be absolute.\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_PATH_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    err = stat (path, &st);
    if (err) {
        IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message, "Error: Cannot create database at %s: %s.\n",
                                 path, strerror (errno)));
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode)) {
        IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message, "Error: Cannot create database at %s: "
                                 "Not a directory.\n",
                                 path));
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    notmuch_path = talloc_asprintf (NULL, "%s/%s", path, ".notmuch");

    err = mkdir (notmuch_path, 0755);

    if (err) {
        IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message, "Error: Cannot create directory %s: %s.\n",
                                 notmuch_path, strerror (errno)));
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    status = notmuch_database_open_verbose (path,
                                            NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE,
                                            &notmuch, &message);
    if (status)
        goto DONE;

    /* Upgrade doesn't add these feature to existing databases, but
     * new databases have them. */
    notmuch->features |= NOTMUCH_FEATURE_FROM_SUBJECT_ID_VALUES;
    notmuch->features |= NOTMUCH_FEATURE_INDEXED_MIMETYPES;
    notmuch->features |= NOTMUCH_FEATURE_UNPREFIX_BODY_ONLY;

    status = notmuch_database_upgrade (notmuch, NULL, NULL);
    if (status) {
        notmuch_database_close (notmuch);
        notmuch = NULL;
    }

  DONE:
    if (notmuch_path)
        talloc_free (notmuch_path);

    if (message) {
        if (status_string)
            *status_string = message;
        else
            free (message);
    }
    if (database)
        *database = notmuch;
    else
        talloc_free (notmuch);
    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
_notmuch_database_ensure_writable (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_ONLY) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Cannot write to a read-only database.\n");
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_READ_ONLY_DATABASE;
    }

    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

/* Allocate a revision number for the next change. */
unsigned long
_notmuch_database_new_revision (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    unsigned long new_revision = notmuch->revision + 1;

    /* If we're in an atomic section, hold off on updating the
     * committed revision number until we commit the atomic section.
     */
    if (notmuch->atomic_nesting)
        notmuch->atomic_dirty = true;
    else
        notmuch->revision = new_revision;

    return new_revision;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_open (const char *path,
                       notmuch_database_mode_t mode,
                       notmuch_database_t **database)
{
    char *status_string = NULL;
    notmuch_status_t status;

    status = notmuch_database_open_verbose (path, mode, database,
                                            &status_string);

    if (status_string) {
        fputs (status_string, stderr);
        free (status_string);
    }

    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_open_verbose (const char *path,
                               notmuch_database_mode_t mode,
                               notmuch_database_t **database,
                               char **status_string)
{
    notmuch_status_t status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
    notmuch_database_t *notmuch = NULL;
    char *notmuch_path, *xapian_path, *incompat_features;
    char *message = NULL;
    struct stat st;
    int err;
    unsigned int i, version;
    static int initialized = 0;

    if (path == NULL) {
        message = strdup ("Error: Cannot open a database for a NULL path.\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (path[0] != '/') {
        message = strdup ("Error: Database path must be absolute.\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_PATH_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! (notmuch_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s/%s", path, ".notmuch"))) {
        message = strdup ("Out of memory\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto DONE;
    }

    err = stat (notmuch_path, &st);
    if (err) {
        IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message, "Error opening database at %s: %s\n",
                                 notmuch_path, strerror (errno)));
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! (xapian_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s/%s", notmuch_path, "xapian"))) {
        message = strdup ("Out of memory\n");
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto DONE;
    }

    /* Initialize the GLib type system and threads */
#if ! GLIB_CHECK_VERSION (2, 35, 1)
    g_type_init ();
#endif

    /* Initialize gmime */
    if (! initialized) {
        g_mime_init ();
        initialized = 1;
    }

    notmuch = talloc_zero (NULL, notmuch_database_t);
    notmuch->exception_reported = false;
    notmuch->status_string = NULL;
    notmuch->path = talloc_strdup (notmuch, path);

    strip_trailing (notmuch->path, '/');

    notmuch->writable_xapian_db = NULL;
    notmuch->atomic_nesting = 0;
    notmuch->view = 1;
    try {
        string last_thread_id;
        string last_mod;

        if (mode == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE) {
            notmuch->writable_xapian_db = new Xapian::WritableDatabase (xapian_path,
                                                                        DB_ACTION);
            notmuch->xapian_db = notmuch->writable_xapian_db;
        } else {
            notmuch->xapian_db = new Xapian::Database (xapian_path);
        }

        /* Check version.  As of database version 3, we represent
         * changes in terms of features, so assume a version bump
         * means a dramatically incompatible change. */
        version = notmuch_database_get_version (notmuch);
        if (version > NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION) {
            IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message,
                                     "Error: Notmuch database at %s\n"
                                     "       has a newer database format version (%u) than supported by this\n"
                                     "       version of notmuch (%u).\n",
                                     notmuch_path, version, NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION));
            notmuch_database_destroy (notmuch);
            notmuch = NULL;
            status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
            goto DONE;
        }

        /* Check features. */
        incompat_features = NULL;
        notmuch->features = _notmuch_database_parse_features (
            local, notmuch->xapian_db->get_metadata ("features").c_str (),
            version, mode == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE ? 'w' : 'r',
            &incompat_features);
        if (incompat_features) {
            IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message,
                                     "Error: Notmuch database at %s\n"
                                     "       requires features (%s)\n"
                                     "       not supported by this version of notmuch.\n",
                                     notmuch_path, incompat_features));
            notmuch_database_destroy (notmuch);
            notmuch = NULL;
            status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
            goto DONE;
        }

        notmuch->last_doc_id = notmuch->xapian_db->get_lastdocid ();
        last_thread_id = notmuch->xapian_db->get_metadata ("last_thread_id");
        if (last_thread_id.empty ()) {
            notmuch->last_thread_id = 0;
        } else {
            const char *str;
            char *end;

            str = last_thread_id.c_str ();
            notmuch->last_thread_id = strtoull (str, &end, 16);
            if (*end != '\0')
                INTERNAL_ERROR ("Malformed database last_thread_id: %s", str);
        }

        /* Get current highest revision number. */
        last_mod = notmuch->xapian_db->get_value_upper_bound (
            NOTMUCH_VALUE_LAST_MOD);
        if (last_mod.empty ())
            notmuch->revision = 0;
        else
            notmuch->revision = Xapian::sortable_unserialise (last_mod);
        notmuch->uuid = talloc_strdup (
            notmuch, notmuch->xapian_db->get_uuid ().c_str ());

        notmuch->query_parser = new Xapian::QueryParser;
        notmuch->term_gen = new Xapian::TermGenerator;
        notmuch->term_gen->set_stemmer (Xapian::Stem ("english"));
        notmuch->value_range_processor = new Xapian::NumberRangeProcessor (NOTMUCH_VALUE_TIMESTAMP);
        notmuch->date_range_processor = new ParseTimeRangeProcessor (NOTMUCH_VALUE_TIMESTAMP, "date:");
        notmuch->last_mod_range_processor = new Xapian::NumberRangeProcessor (NOTMUCH_VALUE_LAST_MOD, "lastmod:");
        notmuch->query_parser->set_default_op (Xapian::Query::OP_AND);
        notmuch->query_parser->set_database (*notmuch->xapian_db);
        notmuch->query_parser->set_stemmer (Xapian::Stem ("english"));
        notmuch->query_parser->set_stemming_strategy (Xapian::QueryParser::STEM_SOME);
        notmuch->query_parser->add_rangeprocessor (notmuch->value_range_processor);
        notmuch->query_parser->add_rangeprocessor (notmuch->date_range_processor);
        notmuch->query_parser->add_rangeprocessor (notmuch->last_mod_range_processor);

        status = _notmuch_database_setup_standard_query_fields (notmuch);
        if (status)
            goto DONE;

        status = _notmuch_database_setup_user_query_fields (notmuch);
        if (status)
            goto DONE;

    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        IGNORE_RESULT (asprintf (&message, "A Xapian exception occurred opening database: %s\n",
                                 error.get_msg ().c_str ()));
        notmuch_database_destroy (notmuch);
        notmuch = NULL;
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }

  DONE:
    talloc_free (local);

    if (message) {
        if (status_string)
            *status_string = message;
        else
            free (message);
    }

    if (database)
        *database = notmuch;
    else
        talloc_free (notmuch);

    if (notmuch)
        notmuch->open = true;

    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_close (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    notmuch_status_t status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    /* Many Xapian objects (and thus notmuch objects) hold references to
     * the database, so merely deleting the database may not suffice to
     * close it.  Thus, we explicitly close it here. */
    if (notmuch->open) {
        try {
            /* If there's an outstanding transaction, it's unclear if
             * closing the Xapian database commits everything up to
             * that transaction, or may discard committed (but
             * unflushed) transactions.  To be certain, explicitly
             * cancel any outstanding transaction before closing. */
            if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE &&
                notmuch->atomic_nesting)
                notmuch->writable_xapian_db->cancel_transaction ();

            /* Close the database.  This implicitly flushes
             * outstanding changes. */
            notmuch->xapian_db->close ();
        } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
            status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
            if (! notmuch->exception_reported) {
                _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error: A Xapian exception occurred closing database: %s\n",
                                       error.get_msg ().c_str ());
            }
        }
    }
    notmuch->open = false;
    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
_notmuch_database_reopen (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) != NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_ONLY)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;

    try {
        notmuch->xapian_db->reopen ();
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        if (! notmuch->exception_reported) {
            _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error: A Xapian exception reopening database: %s\n",
                                   error.get_msg ().c_str ());
            notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        }
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }

    notmuch->view++;

    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static int
unlink_cb (const char *path,
           unused (const struct stat *sb),
           unused (int type),
           unused (struct FTW *ftw))
{
    return remove (path);
}

static int
rmtree (const char *path)
{
    return nftw (path, unlink_cb, 64, FTW_DEPTH | FTW_PHYS);
}

class NotmuchCompactor : public Xapian::Compactor
{
    notmuch_compact_status_cb_t status_cb;
    void *status_closure;

public:
    NotmuchCompactor(notmuch_compact_status_cb_t cb, void *closure) :
        status_cb (cb), status_closure (closure)
    {
    }

    virtual void
    set_status (const std::string &table, const std::string &status)
    {
        char *msg;

        if (status_cb == NULL)
            return;

        if (status.length () == 0)
            msg = talloc_asprintf (NULL, "compacting table %s", table.c_str ());
        else
            msg = talloc_asprintf (NULL, "     %s", status.c_str ());

        if (msg == NULL) {
            return;
        }

        status_cb (msg, status_closure);
        talloc_free (msg);
    }
};

/* Compacts the given database, optionally saving the original database
 * in backup_path. Additionally, a callback function can be provided to
 * give the user feedback on the progress of the (likely long-lived)
 * compaction process.
 *
 * The backup path must point to a directory on the same volume as the
 * original database. Passing a NULL backup_path will result in the
 * uncompacted database being deleted after compaction has finished.
 * Note that the database write lock will be held during the
 * compaction process to protect data integrity.
 */
notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_compact (const char *path,
                          const char *backup_path,
                          notmuch_compact_status_cb_t status_cb,
                          void *closure)
{
    void *local;
    char *notmuch_path, *xapian_path, *compact_xapian_path;
    notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    notmuch_database_t *notmuch = NULL;
    struct stat statbuf;
    bool keep_backup;
    char *message = NULL;

    local = talloc_new (NULL);
    if (! local)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    ret = notmuch_database_open_verbose (path,
                                         NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE,
                                         &notmuch,
                                         &message);
    if (ret) {
        if (status_cb) status_cb (message, closure);
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! (notmuch_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s/%s", path, ".notmuch"))) {
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! (xapian_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s/%s", notmuch_path, "xapian"))) {
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! (compact_xapian_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s.compact", xapian_path))) {
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (backup_path == NULL) {
        if (! (backup_path = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s.old", xapian_path))) {
            ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            goto DONE;
        }
        keep_backup = false;
    } else {
        keep_backup = true;
    }

    if (stat (backup_path, &statbuf) != -1) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Path already exists: %s\n", backup_path);
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }
    if (errno != ENOENT) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Unknown error while stat()ing path: %s\n",
                               strerror (errno));
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    /* Unconditionally attempt to remove old work-in-progress database (if
     * any). This is "protected" by database lock. If this fails due to write
     * errors (etc), the following code will fail and provide error message.
     */
    (void) rmtree (compact_xapian_path);

    try {
        NotmuchCompactor compactor (status_cb, closure);
        notmuch->xapian_db->compact (compact_xapian_path, Xapian::DBCOMPACT_NO_RENUMBER, 0, compactor);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error while compacting: %s\n", error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (rename (xapian_path, backup_path)) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error moving %s to %s: %s\n",
                               xapian_path, backup_path, strerror (errno));
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (rename (compact_xapian_path, xapian_path)) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error moving %s to %s: %s\n",
                               compact_xapian_path, xapian_path, strerror (errno));
        ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
        goto DONE;
    }

    if (! keep_backup) {
        if (rmtree (backup_path)) {
            _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error removing old database %s: %s\n",
                                   backup_path, strerror (errno));
            ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
            goto DONE;
        }
    }

  DONE:
    if (notmuch) {
        notmuch_status_t ret2;

        const char *str = notmuch_database_status_string (notmuch);
        if (status_cb && str)
            status_cb (str, closure);

        ret2 = notmuch_database_destroy (notmuch);

        /* don't clobber previous error status */
        if (ret == NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS && ret2 != NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS)
            ret = ret2;
    }

    talloc_free (local);

    return ret;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_destroy (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    notmuch_status_t status;

    status = notmuch_database_close (notmuch);

    delete notmuch->term_gen;
    notmuch->term_gen = NULL;
    delete notmuch->query_parser;
    notmuch->query_parser = NULL;
    delete notmuch->xapian_db;
    notmuch->xapian_db = NULL;
    delete notmuch->value_range_processor;
    notmuch->value_range_processor = NULL;
    delete notmuch->date_range_processor;
    notmuch->date_range_processor = NULL;
    delete notmuch->last_mod_range_processor;
    notmuch->last_mod_range_processor = NULL;

    talloc_free (notmuch);

    return status;
}

const char *
notmuch_database_get_path (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    return notmuch->path;
}

unsigned int
notmuch_database_get_version (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    unsigned int version;
    string version_string;
    const char *str;
    char *end;

    try {
        version_string = notmuch->xapian_db->get_metadata ("version");
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        LOG_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION (notmuch, error);
        return 0;
    }

    if (version_string.empty ())
        return 0;

    str = version_string.c_str ();
    if (str == NULL || *str == '\0')
        return 0;

    version = strtoul (str, &end, 10);
    if (*end != '\0')
        INTERNAL_ERROR ("Malformed database version: %s", str);

    return version;
}

notmuch_bool_t
notmuch_database_needs_upgrade (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    unsigned int version;

    if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) != NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_WRITE)
        return FALSE;

    if (NOTMUCH_FEATURES_CURRENT & ~notmuch->features)
        return TRUE;

    version = notmuch_database_get_version (notmuch);

    return (version > 0 && version < NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION);
}

static volatile sig_atomic_t do_progress_notify = 0;

static void
handle_sigalrm (unused (int signal))
{
    do_progress_notify = 1;
}

/* Upgrade the current database.
 *
 * After opening a database in read-write mode, the client should
 * check if an upgrade is needed (notmuch_database_needs_upgrade) and
 * if so, upgrade with this function before making any modifications.
 *
 * The optional progress_notify callback can be used by the caller to
 * provide progress indication to the user. If non-NULL it will be
 * called periodically with 'count' as the number of messages upgraded
 * so far and 'total' the overall number of messages that will be
 * converted.
 */
notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_upgrade (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                          void (*progress_notify) (void *closure,
                                                   double progress),
                          void *closure)
{
    void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
    Xapian::TermIterator t, t_end;
    Xapian::WritableDatabase *db;
    struct sigaction action;
    struct itimerval timerval;
    bool timer_is_active = false;
    enum _notmuch_features target_features, new_features;
    notmuch_status_t status;
    notmuch_private_status_t private_status;
    notmuch_query_t *query = NULL;
    unsigned int count = 0, total = 0;

    status = _notmuch_database_ensure_writable (notmuch);
    if (status)
        return status;

    db = notmuch->writable_xapian_db;

    target_features = notmuch->features | NOTMUCH_FEATURES_CURRENT;
    new_features = NOTMUCH_FEATURES_CURRENT & ~notmuch->features;

    if (! notmuch_database_needs_upgrade (notmuch))
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    if (progress_notify) {
        /* Set up our handler for SIGALRM */
        memset (&action, 0, sizeof (struct sigaction));
        action.sa_handler = handle_sigalrm;
        sigemptyset (&action.sa_mask);
        action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
        sigaction (SIGALRM, &action, NULL);

        /* Then start a timer to send SIGALRM once per second. */
        timerval.it_interval.tv_sec = 1;
        timerval.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
        timerval.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
        timerval.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
        setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &timerval, NULL);

        timer_is_active = true;
    }

    /* Figure out how much total work we need to do. */
    if (new_features &
        (NOTMUCH_FEATURE_FILE_TERMS | NOTMUCH_FEATURE_BOOL_FOLDER |
         NOTMUCH_FEATURE_LAST_MOD)) {
        query = notmuch_query_create (notmuch, "");
        unsigned msg_count;

        status = notmuch_query_count_messages (query, &msg_count);
        if (status)
            goto DONE;

        total += msg_count;
        notmuch_query_destroy (query);
        query = NULL;
    }
    if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_DIRECTORY_DOCS) {
        t_end = db->allterms_end ("XTIMESTAMP");
        for (t = db->allterms_begin ("XTIMESTAMP"); t != t_end; t++)
            ++total;
    }
    if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_GHOSTS) {
        /* The ghost message upgrade converts all thread_id_*
         * metadata values into ghost message documents. */
        t_end = db->metadata_keys_end ("thread_id_");
        for (t = db->metadata_keys_begin ("thread_id_"); t != t_end; ++t)
            ++total;
    }

    /* Perform the upgrade in a transaction. */
    db->begin_transaction (true);

    /* Set the target features so we write out changes in the desired
     * format. */
    notmuch->features = target_features;

    /* Perform per-message upgrades. */
    if (new_features &
        (NOTMUCH_FEATURE_FILE_TERMS | NOTMUCH_FEATURE_BOOL_FOLDER |
         NOTMUCH_FEATURE_LAST_MOD)) {
        notmuch_messages_t *messages;
        notmuch_message_t *message;
        char *filename;

        query = notmuch_query_create (notmuch, "");

        status = notmuch_query_search_messages (query, &messages);
        if (status)
            goto DONE;
        for (;
             notmuch_messages_valid (messages);
             notmuch_messages_move_to_next (messages)) {
            if (do_progress_notify) {
                progress_notify (closure, (double) count / total);
                do_progress_notify = 0;
            }

            message = notmuch_messages_get (messages);

            /* Before version 1, each message document had its
             * filename in the data field. Copy that into the new
             * format by calling notmuch_message_add_filename.
             */
            if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_FILE_TERMS) {
                filename = _notmuch_message_talloc_copy_data (message);
                if (filename && *filename != '\0') {
                    _notmuch_message_add_filename (message, filename);
                    _notmuch_message_clear_data (message);
                }
                talloc_free (filename);
            }

            /* Prior to version 2, the "folder:" prefix was
             * probabilistic and stemmed. Change it to the current
             * boolean prefix. Add "path:" prefixes while at it.
             */
            if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_BOOL_FOLDER)
                _notmuch_message_upgrade_folder (message);

            /* Prior to NOTMUCH_FEATURE_LAST_MOD, messages did not
             * track modification revisions.  Give all messages the
             * next available revision; since we just started tracking
             * revisions for this database, that will be 1.
             */
            if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_LAST_MOD)
                _notmuch_message_upgrade_last_mod (message);

            _notmuch_message_sync (message);

            notmuch_message_destroy (message);

            count++;
        }

        notmuch_query_destroy (query);
        query = NULL;
    }

    /* Perform per-directory upgrades. */

    /* Before version 1 we stored directory timestamps in
     * XTIMESTAMP documents instead of the current XDIRECTORY
     * documents. So copy those as well. */
    if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_DIRECTORY_DOCS) {
        t_end = notmuch->xapian_db->allterms_end ("XTIMESTAMP");

        for (t = notmuch->xapian_db->allterms_begin ("XTIMESTAMP");
             t != t_end;
             t++) {
            Xapian::PostingIterator p, p_end;
            std::string term = *t;

            p_end = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_end (term);

            for (p = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_begin (term);
                 p != p_end;
                 p++) {
                Xapian::Document document;
                time_t mtime;
                notmuch_directory_t *directory;

                if (do_progress_notify) {
                    progress_notify (closure, (double) count / total);
                    do_progress_notify = 0;
                }

                document = find_document_for_doc_id (notmuch, *p);
                mtime = Xapian::sortable_unserialise (
                    document.get_value (NOTMUCH_VALUE_TIMESTAMP));

                directory = _notmuch_directory_find_or_create (notmuch, term.c_str () + 10,
                                                               NOTMUCH_FIND_CREATE, &status);
                notmuch_directory_set_mtime (directory, mtime);
                notmuch_directory_destroy (directory);

                db->delete_document (*p);
            }

            ++count;
        }
    }

    /* Perform metadata upgrades. */

    /* Prior to NOTMUCH_FEATURE_GHOSTS, thread IDs for missing
     * messages were stored as database metadata. Change these to
     * ghost messages.
     */
    if (new_features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_GHOSTS) {
        notmuch_message_t *message;
        std::string message_id, thread_id;

        t_end = db->metadata_keys_end (NOTMUCH_METADATA_THREAD_ID_PREFIX);
        for (t = db->metadata_keys_begin (NOTMUCH_METADATA_THREAD_ID_PREFIX);
             t != t_end; ++t) {
            if (do_progress_notify) {
                progress_notify (closure, (double) count / total);
                do_progress_notify = 0;
            }

            message_id = (*t).substr (
                strlen (NOTMUCH_METADATA_THREAD_ID_PREFIX));
            thread_id = db->get_metadata (*t);

            /* Create ghost message */
            message = _notmuch_message_create_for_message_id (
                notmuch, message_id.c_str (), &private_status);
            if (private_status == NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
                /* Document already exists; ignore the stored thread ID */
            } else if (private_status ==
                       NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND) {
                private_status = _notmuch_message_initialize_ghost (
                    message, thread_id.c_str ());
                if (! private_status)
                    _notmuch_message_sync (message);
            }

            if (private_status) {
                _notmuch_database_log (notmuch,
                                       "Upgrade failed while creating ghost messages.\n");
                status = COERCE_STATUS (private_status, "Unexpected status from _notmuch_message_initialize_ghost");
                goto DONE;
            }

            /* Clear saved metadata thread ID */
            db->set_metadata (*t, "");

            ++count;
        }
    }

    status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    db->set_metadata ("features", _notmuch_database_print_features (local, notmuch->features));
    db->set_metadata ("version", STRINGIFY (NOTMUCH_DATABASE_VERSION));

  DONE:
    if (status == NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        db->commit_transaction ();
    else
        db->cancel_transaction ();

    if (timer_is_active) {
        /* Now stop the timer. */
        timerval.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
        timerval.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
        timerval.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
        timerval.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
        setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &timerval, NULL);

        /* And disable the signal handler. */
        action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
        sigaction (SIGALRM, &action, NULL);
    }

    if (query)
        notmuch_query_destroy (query);

    talloc_free (local);
    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_begin_atomic (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_ONLY ||
        notmuch->atomic_nesting > 0)
        goto DONE;

    if (notmuch_database_needs_upgrade (notmuch))
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED;

    try {
        notmuch->writable_xapian_db->begin_transaction (false);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "A Xapian exception occurred beginning transaction: %s.\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }

  DONE:
    notmuch->atomic_nesting++;
    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_end_atomic (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    Xapian::WritableDatabase *db;

    if (notmuch->atomic_nesting == 0)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_UNBALANCED_ATOMIC;

    if (_notmuch_database_mode (notmuch) == NOTMUCH_DATABASE_MODE_READ_ONLY ||
        notmuch->atomic_nesting > 1)
        goto DONE;

    db = notmuch->writable_xapian_db;
    try {
        db->commit_transaction ();

        /* This is a hack for testing.  Xapian never flushes on a
         * non-flushed commit, even if the flush threshold is 1.
         * However, we rely on flushing to test atomicity. */
        const char *thresh = getenv ("XAPIAN_FLUSH_THRESHOLD");
        if (thresh && atoi (thresh) == 1)
            db->commit ();
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "A Xapian exception occurred committing transaction: %s.\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }

    if (notmuch->atomic_dirty) {
        ++notmuch->revision;
        notmuch->atomic_dirty = false;
    }

  DONE:
    notmuch->atomic_nesting--;
    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

unsigned long
notmuch_database_get_revision (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                               const char **uuid)
{
    if (uuid)
        *uuid = notmuch->uuid;
    return notmuch->revision;
}

/* We allow the user to use arbitrarily long paths for directories. But
 * we have a term-length limit. So if we exceed that, we'll use the
 * SHA-1 of the path for the database term.
 *
 * Note: This function may return the original value of 'path'. If it
 * does not, then the caller is responsible to free() the returned
 * value.
 */
const char *
_notmuch_database_get_directory_db_path (const char *path)
{
    int term_len = strlen (_find_prefix ("directory")) + strlen (path);

    if (term_len > NOTMUCH_TERM_MAX)
        return _notmuch_sha1_of_string (path);
    else
        return path;
}

/* Given a path, split it into two parts: the directory part is all
 * components except for the last, and the basename is that last
 * component. Getting the return-value for either part is optional
 * (the caller can pass NULL).
 *
 * The original 'path' can represent either a regular file or a
 * directory---the splitting will be carried out in the same way in
 * either case. Trailing slashes on 'path' will be ignored, and any
 * cases of multiple '/' characters appearing in series will be
 * treated as a single '/'.
 *
 * Allocation (if any) will have 'ctx' as the talloc owner. But
 * pointers will be returned within the original path string whenever
 * possible.
 *
 * Note: If 'path' is non-empty and contains no non-trailing slash,
 * (that is, consists of a filename with no parent directory), then
 * the directory returned will be an empty string. However, if 'path'
 * is an empty string, then both directory and basename will be
 * returned as NULL.
 */
notmuch_status_t
_notmuch_database_split_path (void *ctx,
                              const char *path,
                              const char **directory,
                              const char **basename)
{
    const char *slash;

    if (path == NULL || *path == '\0') {
        if (directory)
            *directory = NULL;
        if (basename)
            *basename = NULL;
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    /* Find the last slash (not counting a trailing slash), if any. */

    slash = path + strlen (path) - 1;

    /* First, skip trailing slashes. */
    while (slash != path && *slash == '/')
        --slash;

    /* Then, find a slash. */
    while (slash != path && *slash != '/') {
        if (basename)
            *basename = slash;

        --slash;
    }

    /* Finally, skip multiple slashes. */
    while (slash != path && *(slash - 1) == '/')
        --slash;

    if (slash == path) {
        if (directory)
            *directory = talloc_strdup (ctx, "");
        if (basename)
            *basename = path;
    } else {
        if (directory)
            *directory = talloc_strndup (ctx, path, slash - path);
    }

    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

/* Find the document ID of the specified directory.
 *
 * If (flags & NOTMUCH_FIND_CREATE), a new directory document will be
 * created if one does not exist for 'path'.  Otherwise, if the
 * directory document does not exist, this sets *directory_id to
 * ((unsigned int)-1) and returns NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS.
 */
notmuch_status_t
_notmuch_database_find_directory_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                     const char *path,
                                     notmuch_find_flags_t flags,
                                     unsigned int *directory_id)
{
    notmuch_directory_t *directory;
    notmuch_status_t status;

    if (path == NULL) {
        *directory_id = 0;
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    directory = _notmuch_directory_find_or_create (notmuch, path, flags, &status);
    if (status || ! directory) {
        *directory_id = -1;
        return status;
    }

    *directory_id = _notmuch_directory_get_document_id (directory);

    notmuch_directory_destroy (directory);

    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

const char *
_notmuch_database_get_directory_path (void *ctx,
                                      notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                      unsigned int doc_id)
{
    Xapian::Document document;

    document = find_document_for_doc_id (notmuch, doc_id);

    return talloc_strdup (ctx, document.get_data ().c_str ());
}

/* Given a legal 'filename' for the database, (either relative to
 * database path or absolute with initial components identical to
 * database path), return a new string (with 'ctx' as the talloc
 * owner) suitable for use as a direntry term value.
 *
 * If (flags & NOTMUCH_FIND_CREATE), the necessary directory documents
 * will be created in the database as needed.  Otherwise, if the
 * necessary directory documents do not exist, this sets
 * *direntry to NULL and returns NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS.
 */
notmuch_status_t
_notmuch_database_filename_to_direntry (void *ctx,
                                        notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                        const char *filename,
                                        notmuch_find_flags_t flags,
                                        char **direntry)
{
    const char *relative, *directory, *basename;
    Xapian::docid directory_id;
    notmuch_status_t status;

    relative = _notmuch_database_relative_path (notmuch, filename);

    status = _notmuch_database_split_path (ctx, relative,
                                           &directory, &basename);
    if (status)
        return status;

    status = _notmuch_database_find_directory_id (notmuch, directory, flags,
                                                  &directory_id);
    if (status || directory_id == (unsigned int) -1) {
        *direntry = NULL;
        return status;
    }

    *direntry = talloc_asprintf (ctx, "%u:%s", directory_id, basename);

    return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

/* Given a legal 'path' for the database, return the relative path.
 *
 * The return value will be a pointer to the original path contents,
 * and will be either the original string (if 'path' was relative) or
 * a portion of the string (if path was absolute and begins with the
 * database path).
 */
const char *
_notmuch_database_relative_path (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                 const char *path)
{
    const char *db_path, *relative;
    unsigned int db_path_len;

    db_path = notmuch_database_get_path (notmuch);
    db_path_len = strlen (db_path);

    relative = path;

    if (*relative == '/') {
        while (*relative == '/' && *(relative + 1) == '/')
            relative++;

        if (strncmp (relative, db_path, db_path_len) == 0) {
            relative += db_path_len;
            while (*relative == '/')
                relative++;
        }
    }

    return relative;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_get_directory (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                const char *path,
                                notmuch_directory_t **directory)
{
    notmuch_status_t status;

    if (directory == NULL)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER;
    *directory = NULL;

    try {
        *directory = _notmuch_directory_find_or_create (notmuch, path,
                                                        NOTMUCH_FIND_LOOKUP, &status);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "A Xapian exception occurred getting directory: %s.\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }
    return status;
}

/* Allocate a document ID that satisfies the following criteria:
 *
 * 1. The ID does not exist for any document in the Xapian database
 *
 * 2. The ID was not previously returned from this function
 *
 * 3. The ID is the smallest integer satisfying (1) and (2)
 *
 * This function will trigger an internal error if these constraints
 * cannot all be satisfied, (that is, the pool of available document
 * IDs has been exhausted).
 */
unsigned int
_notmuch_database_generate_doc_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    assert (notmuch->last_doc_id >= notmuch->xapian_db->get_lastdocid ());

    notmuch->last_doc_id++;

    if (notmuch->last_doc_id == 0)
        INTERNAL_ERROR ("Xapian document IDs are exhausted.\n");

    return notmuch->last_doc_id;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_remove_message (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                 const char *filename)
{
    notmuch_status_t status;
    notmuch_message_t *message;

    status = notmuch_database_find_message_by_filename (notmuch, filename,
                                                        &message);

    if (status == NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS && message) {
        status = _notmuch_message_remove_filename (message, filename);
        if (status == NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS)
            _notmuch_message_delete (message);
        else if (status == NOTMUCH_STATUS_DUPLICATE_MESSAGE_ID)
            _notmuch_message_sync (message);

        notmuch_message_destroy (message);
    }

    return status;
}

notmuch_status_t
notmuch_database_find_message_by_filename (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
                                           const char *filename,
                                           notmuch_message_t **message_ret)
{
    void *local;
    const char *prefix = _find_prefix ("file-direntry");
    char *direntry, *term;
    Xapian::PostingIterator i, end;
    notmuch_status_t status;

    if (message_ret == NULL)
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER;

    if (! (notmuch->features & NOTMUCH_FEATURE_FILE_TERMS))
        return NOTMUCH_STATUS_UPGRADE_REQUIRED;

    /* return NULL on any failure */
    *message_ret = NULL;

    local = talloc_new (notmuch);

    try {
        status = _notmuch_database_filename_to_direntry (
            local, notmuch, filename, NOTMUCH_FIND_LOOKUP, &direntry);
        if (status || ! direntry)
            goto DONE;

        term = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s%s", prefix, direntry);

        find_doc_ids_for_term (notmuch, term, &i, &end);

        if (i != end) {
            notmuch_private_status_t private_status;

            *message_ret = _notmuch_message_create (notmuch, notmuch, *i,
                                                    &private_status);
            if (*message_ret == NULL)
                status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (notmuch, "Error: A Xapian exception occurred finding message by filename: %s\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        notmuch->exception_reported = true;
        status = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
    }

  DONE:
    talloc_free (local);

    if (status && *message_ret) {
        notmuch_message_destroy (*message_ret);
        *message_ret = NULL;
    }
    return status;
}

notmuch_string_list_t *
_notmuch_database_get_terms_with_prefix (void *ctx, Xapian::TermIterator &i,
                                         Xapian::TermIterator &end,
                                         const char *prefix)
{
    int prefix_len = strlen (prefix);
    notmuch_string_list_t *list;

    list = _notmuch_string_list_create (ctx);
    if (unlikely (list == NULL))
        return NULL;

    for (i.skip_to (prefix); i != end; i++) {
        /* Terminate loop at first term without desired prefix. */
        if (strncmp ((*i).c_str (), prefix, prefix_len))
            break;

        _notmuch_string_list_append (list, (*i).c_str () + prefix_len);
    }

    return list;
}

notmuch_tags_t *
notmuch_database_get_all_tags (notmuch_database_t *db)
{
    Xapian::TermIterator i, end;
    notmuch_string_list_t *tags;

    try {
        i = db->xapian_db->allterms_begin ();
        end = db->xapian_db->allterms_end ();
        tags = _notmuch_database_get_terms_with_prefix (db, i, end,
                                                        _find_prefix ("tag"));
        _notmuch_string_list_sort (tags);
        return _notmuch_tags_create (db, tags);
    } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
        _notmuch_database_log (db, "A Xapian exception occurred getting tags: %s.\n",
                               error.get_msg ().c_str ());
        db->exception_reported = true;
        return NULL;
    }
}

const char *
notmuch_database_status_string (const notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
{
    return notmuch->status_string;
}