- date:<since>..<until>
+- lastmod:<initial-revision>..<final-revision>
+
The **from:** prefix is used to match the name or address of the sender
of an email message.
Each timestamp is a number representing the number of seconds since
1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
+The **lastmod:** prefix can be used to restrict the result by the
+database revision number of when messages were last modified (tags
+were added/removed or filenames changed). This is usually used in
+conjunction with the **--uuid** argument to **notmuch search**
+to find messages that have changed since an earlier query.
+
+Operators
+---------
+
In addition to individual terms, multiple terms can be combined with
-Boolean operators ( **and**, **or**, **not** , etc.). Each term in the
-query will be implicitly connected by a logical AND if no explicit
-operator is provided, (except that terms with a common prefix will be
-implicitly combined with OR until we get Xapian defect #402 fixed).
+Boolean operators (**and**, **or**, **not**, and **xor**). Each term
+in the query will be implicitly connected by a logical AND if no
+explicit operator is provided (except that terms with a common prefix
+will be implicitly combined with OR). The shorthand '-<term>' can be
+used for 'not <term>' but unfortunately this does not work at the
+start of an expression. Parentheses can also be used to control the
+combination of the Boolean operators, but will have to be protected
+from interpretation by the shell, (such as by putting quotation marks
+around any parenthesized expression).
+
+In addition to the standard boolean operators, Xapian provides several
+operators specific to text searching.
+
+::
+
+ notmuch search term1 NEAR term2
+
+will return results where term1 is within 10 words of term2. The
+threshold can be set like this:
+
+::
+
+ notmuch search term1 NEAR/2 term2
+
+The search
+
+::
+
+ notmuch search term1 ADJ term2
+
+will return results where term1 is within 10 words of term2, but in the
+same order as in the query. The threshold can be set the same as with
+NEAR:
+
+::
+
+ notmuch search term1 ADJ/7 term2
+
+
+Stemming
+--------
+
+**Stemming** in notmuch means that these searches
+
+::
+
+ notmuch search detailed
+ notmuch search details
+ notmuch search detail
+
+will all return identical results, because Xapian first "reduces" the
+term to the common stem (here 'detail') and then performs the search.
-Parentheses can also be used to control the combination of the Boolean
-operators, but will have to be protected from interpretation by the
-shell, (such as by putting quotation marks around any parenthesized
-expression).
+There are two ways to turn this off: a search for a capitalized word
+will be performed unstemmed, so that one can search for "John" and not
+get results for "Johnson"; phrase searches are also unstemmed (see
+below for details). Stemming is currently only supported for
+English. Searches for words in other languages will be performed unstemmed.
+
+Wildcards
+---------
+
+It is possible to use a trailing '\*' as a wildcard. A search for
+'wildc\*' will match 'wildcard', 'wildcat', etc.
+
+
+Boolean and Probabilistic Prefixes
+----------------------------------
+
+Xapian (and hence notmuch) prefixes are either **boolean**, supporting
+exact matches like "tag:inbox" or **probabilistic**, supporting a more flexible **term** based searching. The prefixes currently supported by notmuch are as follows.
+
++------------------+-----------------------+
+|Boolean |Probabilistic |
++------------------+-----------------------+
+| **tag:** **id:** | **from:** **to:** |
+|**thread:** |**subject:** |
+|**folder:** |**attachment:** |
+|**path:** |**mimetype:** |
+| | |
++------------------+-----------------------+
+
+Terms and phrases
+-----------------
+
+In general Xapian distinguishes between lists of terms and
+**phrases**. Phrases are indicated by double quotes (but beware you
+probably need to protect those from your shell) and insist that those
+unstemmed words occur in that order. One useful, but initially
+surprising feature is that the following are equivalant ways to write
+the same phrase.
+
+- "a list of words"
+- a-list-of-words
+- a/list/of/words
+- a.list.of.words
+
+Both parenthesised lists of terms and quoted phrases are ok with
+probabilisitic prefixes such as **to:**, **from:**, and **subject:**. In particular
+
+::
+
+ subject:(pizza free)
+
+is equivalent to
+
+::
+
+ subject:pizza and subject:free
+
+Both of these will match a subject "Free Delicious Pizza" while
+
+::
+
+ subject:"pizza free"
+
+will not.
DATE AND TIME SEARCH
====================
could describe (the end of yesterday). Similarly, date:january..february
matches from the beginning of January to the end of February.
+date:<expr>..! can be used as a shorthand for date:<expr>..<expr>. The
+expansion takes place before interpretation, and thus, for example,
+date:monday..! matches from the beginning of Monday until the end of
+Monday. (Note that entering date:<expr> without "..", for example
+date:yesterday, won't work, as it's not interpreted as a range
+expression at all. Again, use date:yesterday..!)
+
Currently, we do not support spaces in range expressions. You can
replace the spaces with '\_', or (in most cases) '-', or (in some cases)
leave the spaces out altogether. Examples in this man page use spaces
end time, respectively. Pre-1.2.1 Xapian does not report an error on
open ended ranges, but it does not work as expected either.
-Entering date:expr without ".." (for example date:yesterday) won't work,
-as it's not interpreted as a range expression at all. You can achieve
-the expected result by duplicating the expr both sides of ".." (for
-example date:yesterday..yesterday).
-
Relative date and time
----------------------
projects / notmuch / blobdiff