X-Git-Url: https://git.notmuchmail.org/git?p=notmuch;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fman7%2Fnotmuch-sexp-queries.rst;h=d3b18593e30f31ce4f6492fc3c5a35397605917d;hp=b763876d3672ddffc51aa8cc810ec67c85ea1503;hb=93104f0d9de4fa2919896a55dfdd207bbaf22589;hpb=90d9c2ad5c459624d17f92d0844e7a7fbb87d7a2 diff --git a/doc/man7/notmuch-sexp-queries.rst b/doc/man7/notmuch-sexp-queries.rst index b763876d..d3b18593 100644 --- a/doc/man7/notmuch-sexp-queries.rst +++ b/doc/man7/notmuch-sexp-queries.rst @@ -7,11 +7,22 @@ notmuch-sexp-queries SYNOPSIS ======== -**notmuch** **search** ``--query=sexp`` '(and (to santa) (date december))' +**notmuch** *subcommand* ``--query=sexp`` [option ...] ``--`` '(and (to santa) (date december))' DESCRIPTION =========== +Notmuch supports an alternative query syntax based on `S-expressions +`_ . It can be selected +with the command line ``--query=sexp`` or with the appropriate option +to the library function :c:func:`notmuch_query_create_with_syntax`. +Support for this syntax is currently optional, you can test if your +build of notmuch supports it with + +:: + + $ notmuch config get built_with.sexpr_query + S-EXPRESSIONS ------------- @@ -20,10 +31,12 @@ An *s-expression* is either an atom, or list of whitespace delimited s-expressions inside parentheses. Atoms are either *basic value* + A basic value is an unquoted string containing no whitespace, double quotes, or parentheses. *quoted string* + Double quotes (") delimit strings possibly containing whitespace or parentheses. These can contain double quote characters by escaping with backslash. E.g. ``"this is a quote \""``. @@ -36,8 +49,13 @@ An s-expression query is either an atom, the empty list, or a a *field*, *logical operation*, or *modifier*, and 0 or more subqueries. -``*`` ``()`` - Match all messages. +``*`` + + "*" matches any non-empty string in the current field. + +``()`` + + The empty list matches all messages *term* @@ -48,18 +66,30 @@ subqueries. phrase splitting see :any:`fields`. ``(`` *field* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` + Restrict the queries |q1| to |qn| to *field*, and combine with *and* (for most fields) or *or*. See :any:`fields` for more information. ``(`` *operator* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` + Combine queries |q1| to |qn|. Currently supported operators are ``and``, ``or``, and ``not``. ``(not`` |q1| ... |qn| ``)`` is equivalent to ``(and (not`` |q1| ``) ... (not`` |qn| ``))``. ``(`` *modifier* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` + Combine queries |q1| to |qn|, and reinterpret the result (e.g. as a regular expression). See :any:`modifiers` for more information. +``(macro (`` |p1| ... |pn| ``) body)`` + + Define saved query with parameter substitution. The syntax is + recognized only in saved s-expression queries (see ``squery.*`` in + :any:`notmuch-config(1)`). Parameter names in ``body`` must be + prefixed with ``,`` to be expanded (see :any:`macro_examples`). + Macros may refer to other macros, but only to their own + parameters [#macro-details]_. + .. _fields: FIELDS @@ -81,6 +111,14 @@ string) into words, ignore punctuation. Phrase splitting is applied to terms in phrase (probabilistic) fields. Both phrase splitting and stemming apply only in phrase fields. +Each term or phrase field has an associated combining operator +(``and`` or ``or``) used to combine the queries from each element of +the tail of the list. This is generally ``or`` for those fields where +a message has one such attribute, and ``and`` otherwise. + +Term or phrase fields can contain arbitrarily complex queries made up +from terms, operators, and modifiers, but not other fields. + .. _field-table: .. table:: Fields with supported modifiers @@ -112,7 +150,7 @@ stemming apply only in phrase fields. +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+ | mimetype | or | phrase | yes | yes | no | +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+ - | path | or | term | yes | yes | yes | + | path | or | term | no | yes | yes | +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+ | property | and | term | yes | yes | yes | +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+ @@ -130,40 +168,178 @@ stemming apply only in phrase fields. MODIFIERS ````````` +*Modifiers* refer to any prefixes (first elements of compound queries) +that are neither operators nor fields. + +``(infix`` *atom* ``)`` + + Interpret *atom* as an infix notmuch query (see + :any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported inside fields. + +``(matching`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` ``(of`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` + + Match all messages have the same values of the current field as + those matching all of |q1| ... |qn|. Supported in most term [#not-path]_ or + phrase fields. Most commonly used in the ``thread`` field. + +``(query`` *atom* ``)`` + + Expand to the saved query named by *atom*. See + :any:`notmuch-config(1)` for more. Note that the saved query must + be in infix syntax (:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported + inside fields. + +``(regex`` *atom* ``)`` ``(rx`` *atom* ``)`` + + Interpret *atom* as a POSIX.2 regular expression (see + :manpage:`regex(7)`). This applies in term fields and a subset [#not-phrase]_ of + phrase fields (see :any:`field-table`). + +``(starts-with`` *subword* ``)`` + + Matches any term starting with *subword*. This applies in either + phrase or term :any:`fields `, or outside of fields [#not-body]_. Note that + a ``starts-with`` query cannot be part of a phrase. The + atom ``*`` is a synonym for ``(starts-with "")``. + EXAMPLES ======== ``Wizard`` + Match all messages containing the word "wizard", ignoring case. ``added`` + Match all messages containing "added", but also those containing "add", "additional", "Additional", "adds", etc... via stemming. ``(and Bob Marley)`` + Match messages containing words "Bob" and "Marley", or their stems The words need not be adjacent. ``(not Bob Marley)`` + Match messages containing neither "Bob" nor "Marley", nor their stems, ``"quick fox"`` ``quick-fox`` ``quick@fox`` + Match the *phrase* "quick" followed by "fox" in phrase fields (or outside a field). Match the literal string in a term field. +``(folder (of (id 1234@invalid)))`` + + Match any message in the same folder as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid" + +``(id 1234@invalid blah@test)`` + + Matches Message-Id "1234@invalid" *or* Message-Id "blah@test" + +``(and (infix "date:2009-11-18..2009-11-18") (tag unread))`` + + Match messages in the given date range with tag unread. + +``(starts-with prelim)`` + + Match any words starting with "prelim". + ``(subject quick "brown fox")`` + Match messages whose subject contains "quick" (anywhere, stemmed) and the phrase "brown fox". +``(subject (starts-with prelim))`` + + Matches any word starting with "prelim", inside a message subject. + +``(subject (starts-wih quick) "brown fox")`` + + Match messages whose subject contains "quick brown fox", but also + "brown fox quicksand". + +``(thread (of (id 1234@invalid)))`` + + Match any message in the same thread as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid" + +``(thread (matching (from bob@example.com) (to bob@example.com)))`` + + Match any (messages in) a thread containing a message from + "bob@example.com" and a (possibly distinct) message to "bob at + example.com") + +``(to (or bob@example.com mallory@example.org))`` ``(or (to bob@example.com) (to mallory@example.org))`` + + Match in the "To" or "Cc" headers, "bob@example.com", + "mallory@example.org", and also "bob@example.com.au" since it + contains the adjacent triple "bob", "example", "com". + +``(not (to *))`` + + Match messages with an empty or invalid 'To' and 'Cc' field. + +``(List *)`` + + Match messages with a non-empty List-Id header, assuming + configuration ``index.header.List=List-Id`` + +.. _macro_examples: + +MACRO EXAMPLES +-------------- + +A macro that takes two parameters and applies different fields to them. + +:: + + $ notmuch config set squery.TagSubject '(macro (tagname subj) (and (tag ,tagname) (subject ,subj)))' + $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(TagSubject inbox maildir)' + +Nested macros are allowed. + +:: + + $ notmuch config set squery.Inner '(macro (x) (subject ,x))' + $ notmuch config set squery.Outer '(macro (x y) (and (tag ,x) (Inner ,y)))' + $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(Outer inbox maildir)' + +Parameters can be re-used to reduce boilerplate. Any field, including +user defined fields is permitted within a macro. + +:: + + $ notmuch config set squery.About '(macro (name) (or (subject ,name) (List ,name)))' + $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(About notmuch)' + + NOTES ===== +.. [#macro-details] Technically macros impliment lazy evaluation and + lexical scope. There is one top level scope + containing all macro definitions, but all + parameter definitions are local to a given macro. + .. [#aka-pref] a.k.a. prefixes .. [#aka-prob] a.k.a. probabilistic prefixes .. [#aka-bool] a.k.a. boolean prefixes +.. [#not-phrase] Due to the implemention of phrase fields in Xapian, + regex queries could only match individual words. + +.. [#not-body] Due the the way ``body`` is implemented in notmuch, + this modifier is not supported in the ``body`` field. + +.. [#not-path] Due to the way recursive ``path`` queries are implemented + in notmuch, this modifier is not supported in the + ``path`` field. + .. |q1| replace:: :math:`q_1` .. |q2| replace:: :math:`q_2` .. |qn| replace:: :math:`q_n` + +.. |p1| replace:: :math:`p_1` +.. |p2| replace:: :math:`p_2` +.. |pn| replace:: :math:`p_n`