1 .. _notmuch-sexp-queries(7):
10 **notmuch** *subcommand* ``--query=sexp`` [option ...] ``--`` '(and (to santa) (date december))'
15 Notmuch supports an alternative query syntax based on `S-expressions
16 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-expression>`_ . It can be selected
17 with the command line ``--query=sexp`` or with the appropriate option
18 to the library function :c:func:`notmuch_query_create_with_syntax`.
19 Support for this syntax is currently optional, you can test if your
20 build of notmuch supports it with
24 $ notmuch config get built_with.sexpr_query
30 An *s-expression* is either an atom, or list of whitespace delimited
31 s-expressions inside parentheses. Atoms are either
34 A basic value is an unquoted string containing no whitespace, double quotes, or
38 Double quotes (") delimit strings possibly containing whitespace
39 or parentheses. These can contain double quote characters by
40 escaping with backslash. E.g. ``"this is a quote \""``.
45 An s-expression query is either an atom, the empty list, or a
46 *compound query* consisting of a prefix atom (first element) defining
47 a *field*, *logical operation*, or *modifier*, and 0 or more
51 "*" matches any non-empty string in the current field.
54 The empty list matches all messages
58 Match all messages containing *term*, possibly after stemming or
59 phrase splitting. For discussion of stemming in notmuch see
60 :any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`. Stemming only applies to unquoted
61 terms (basic values) in s-expression queries. For information on
62 phrase splitting see :any:`fields`.
64 ``(`` *field* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
65 Restrict the queries |q1| to |qn| to *field*, and combine with *and*
66 (for most fields) or *or*. See :any:`fields` for more information.
68 ``(`` *operator* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
69 Combine queries |q1| to |qn|. Currently supported operators are
70 ``and``, ``or``, and ``not``. ``(not`` |q1| ... |qn| ``)`` is equivalent
71 to ``(and (not`` |q1| ``) ... (not`` |qn| ``))``.
73 ``(`` *modifier* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
74 Combine queries |q1| to |qn|, and reinterpret the result (e.g. as a regular expression).
75 See :any:`modifiers` for more information.
77 ``(macro (`` |p1| ... |pn| ``) body)``
78 Define saved query with parameter substitution. The syntax is
79 recognized only in saved s-expression queries (see ``squery.*`` in
80 :any:`notmuch-config(1)`). Parameter names in ``body`` must be
81 prefixed with ``,`` to be expanded (see :any:`macro_examples`).
82 Macros may refer to other macros, but only to their own
83 parameters [#macro-details]_.
91 correspond to attributes of mail messages. Some are inherent (and
92 immutable) like ``subject``, while others ``tag`` and ``property`` are
93 settable by the user. Each concrete field in
94 :any:`the table below <field-table>`
95 is discussed further under "Search prefixes" in
96 :any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`. The row *user* refers to user defined
97 fields, described in :any:`notmuch-config(1)`.
99 Most fields are either *phrase fields* [#aka-prob]_ (which match
100 sequences of words), or *term fields* [#aka-bool]_ (which match exact
101 strings). *Phrase splitting* breaks the term (basic value or quoted
102 string) into words, ignore punctuation. Phrase splitting is applied to
103 terms in phrase (probabilistic) fields. Both phrase splitting and
104 stemming apply only in phrase fields.
106 Each term or phrase field has an associated combining operator
107 (``and`` or ``or``) used to combine the queries from each element of
108 the tail of the list. This is generally ``or`` for those fields where
109 a message has one such attribute, and ``and`` otherwise.
111 Term or phrase fields can contain arbitrarily complex queries made up
112 from terms, operators, and modifiers, but not other fields.
116 .. table:: Fields with supported modifiers
118 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
119 | field | combine | type | expand | wildcard | regex |
120 +============+===========+===========+===========+===========+==========+
121 | *none* | and | | no | yes | no |
122 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
123 | *user* | and | phrase | no | yes | no |
124 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
125 | attachment | and | phrase | yes | yes | no |
126 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
127 | body | and | phrase | no | no | no |
128 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
129 | date | | range | no | no | no |
130 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
131 | folder | or | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
132 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
133 | from | and | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
134 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
135 | id | or | term | no | yes | yes |
136 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
137 | is | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
138 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
139 | lastmod | | range | no | no | no |
140 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
141 | mid | or | term | no | yes | yes |
142 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
143 | mimetype | or | phrase | yes | yes | no |
144 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
145 | path | or | term | no | yes | yes |
146 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
147 | property | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
148 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
149 | subject | and | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
150 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
151 | tag | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
152 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
153 | thread | or | term | yes | yes | yes |
154 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
155 | to | and | phrase | yes | yes | no |
156 +------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
163 *Modifiers* refer to any prefixes (first elements of compound queries)
164 that are neither operators nor fields.
166 ``(infix`` *atom* ``)``
167 Interpret *atom* as an infix notmuch query (see
168 :any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported inside fields.
170 ``(matching`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` ``(of`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
171 Match all messages have the same values of the current field as
172 those matching all of |q1| ... |qn|. Supported in most term [#not-path]_ or
173 phrase fields. Most commonly used in the ``thread`` field.
175 ``(query`` *atom* ``)``
176 Expand to the saved query named by *atom*. See
177 :any:`notmuch-config(1)` for more. Note that the saved query must
178 be in infix syntax (:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported
181 ``(regex`` *atom* ``)`` ``(rx`` *atom* ``)``
182 Interpret *atom* as a POSIX.2 regular expression (see
183 :manpage:`regex(7)`). This applies in term fields and a subset [#not-phrase]_ of
184 phrase fields (see :any:`field-table`).
186 ``(starts-with`` *subword* ``)``
187 Matches any term starting with *subword*. This applies in either
188 phrase or term :any:`fields <fields>`, or outside of fields [#not-body]_. Note that
189 a ``starts-with`` query cannot be part of a phrase. The
190 atom ``*`` is a synonym for ``(starts-with "")``.
196 Match all messages containing the word "wizard", ignoring case.
199 Match all messages containing "added", but also those containing "add", "additional",
200 "Additional", "adds", etc... via stemming.
203 Match messages containing words "Bob" and "Marley", or their stems
204 The words need not be adjacent.
207 Match messages containing neither "Bob" nor "Marley", nor their stems,
209 ``"quick fox"`` ``quick-fox`` ``quick@fox``
210 Match the *phrase* "quick" followed by "fox" in phrase fields (or
211 outside a field). Match the literal string in a term field.
213 ``(folder (of (id 1234@invalid)))``
214 Match any message in the same folder as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid"
216 ``(id 1234@invalid blah@test)``
217 Matches Message-Id "1234@invalid" *or* Message-Id "blah@test"
219 ``(and (infix "date:2009-11-18..2009-11-18") (tag unread))``
220 Match messages in the given date range with tag unread.
222 ``(starts-with prelim)``
223 Match any words starting with "prelim".
225 ``(subject quick "brown fox")``
226 Match messages whose subject contains "quick" (anywhere, stemmed) and
227 the phrase "brown fox".
229 ``(subject (starts-with prelim))``
230 Matches any word starting with "prelim", inside a message subject.
232 ``(subject (starts-wih quick) "brown fox")``
233 Match messages whose subject contains "quick brown fox", but also
234 "brown fox quicksand".
236 ``(thread (of (id 1234@invalid)))``
237 Match any message in the same thread as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid"
239 ``(thread (matching (from bob@example.com) (to bob@example.com)))``
240 Match any (messages in) a thread containing a message from
241 "bob@example.com" and a (possibly distinct) message to "bob at
244 ``(to (or bob@example.com mallory@example.org))`` ``(or (to bob@example.com) (to mallory@example.org))``
245 Match in the "To" or "Cc" headers, "bob@example.com",
246 "mallory@example.org", and also "bob@example.com.au" since it
247 contains the adjacent triple "bob", "example", "com".
250 Match messages with an empty or invalid 'To' and 'Cc' field.
253 Match messages with a non-empty List-Id header, assuming
254 configuration ``index.header.List=List-Id``
261 A macro that takes two parameters and applies different fields to them.
265 $ notmuch config set squery.TagSubject '(macro (tagname subj) (and (tag ,tagname) (subject ,subj)))'
266 $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(TagSubject inbox maildir)'
268 Nested macros are allowed.
272 $ notmuch config set squery.Inner '(macro (x) (subject ,x))'
273 $ notmuch config set squery.Outer '(macro (x y) (and (tag ,x) (Inner ,y)))'
274 $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(Outer inbox maildir)'
276 Parameters can be re-used to reduce boilerplate. Any field, including
277 user defined fields is permitted within a macro.
281 $ notmuch config set squery.About '(macro (name) (or (subject ,name) (List ,name)))'
282 $ notmuch search --query=sexp '(About notmuch)'
288 .. [#macro-details] Technically macros impliment lazy evaluation and
289 lexical scope. There is one top level scope
290 containing all macro definitions, but all
291 parameter definitions are local to a given macro.
293 .. [#aka-pref] a.k.a. prefixes
295 .. [#aka-prob] a.k.a. probabilistic prefixes
297 .. [#aka-bool] a.k.a. boolean prefixes
299 .. [#not-phrase] Due to the implemention of phrase fields in Xapian,
300 regex queries could only match individual words.
302 .. [#not-body] Due the the way ``body`` is implemented in notmuch,
303 this modifier is not supported in the ``body`` field.
305 .. [#not-path] Due to the way recursive ``path`` queries are implemented
306 in notmuch, this modifier is not supported in the
309 .. |q1| replace:: :math:`q_1`
310 .. |q2| replace:: :math:`q_2`
311 .. |qn| replace:: :math:`q_n`
313 .. |p1| replace:: :math:`p_1`
314 .. |p2| replace:: :math:`p_2`
315 .. |pn| replace:: :math:`p_n`